[backend] feat: 添加项目基础配置

backend/config/__init__.py

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+from .settings import get_settings, Settings
+from .database import get_db, init_db, Base, engine, AsyncSessionLocal
+
+__all__ = [
+    "get_settings",
+    "Settings",
+    "get_db",
+    "init_db",
+    "Base",
+    "engine",
+    "AsyncSessionLocal",
+]

backend/config/database.py

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+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession, create_async_engine, async_sessionmaker
+from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base
+from .settings import get_settings
+
+settings = get_settings()
+
+DATABASE_URL = (
+    f"mysql+aiomysql://{settings.DB_USER}:{settings.DB_PASSWORD}"
+    f"@{settings.DB_HOST}:{settings.DB_PORT}/{settings.DB_NAME}"
+    f"?charset={settings.DB_CHARSET}"
+)
+
+engine = create_async_engine(DATABASE_URL, echo=settings.DEBUG, future=True)
+
+AsyncSessionLocal = async_sessionmaker(
+    engine, class_=AsyncSession, expire_on_commit=False
+)
+
+Base = declarative_base()
+
+
+async def get_db():
+    async with AsyncSessionLocal() as session:
+        try:
+            yield session
+            await session.commit()
+        except Exception:
+            await session.rollback()
+            raise
+        finally:
+            await session.close()
+
+
+async def init_db():
+    async with engine.begin() as conn:
+        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)

backend/config/settings.py

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+from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+class Settings(BaseSettings):
+    APP_NAME: str = "海洋项目管理系统"
+    APP_VERSION: str = "1.0.0"
+    DEBUG: bool = True
+
+    DB_HOST: str = "localhost"
+    DB_PORT: int = 3306
+    DB_USER: str = "root"
+    DB_PASSWORD: str = "rootpassword"
+    DB_NAME: str = "project_manager"
+    DB_CHARSET: str = "utf8mb4"
+
+    SECRET_KEY: str = "your-secret-key-change-this-in-production"
+    ALGORITHM: str = "HS256"
+    ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES: int = 1440
+
+    CORS_ORIGINS: list[str] = ["http://localhost:3000", "http://127.0.0.1:3000"]
+
+    class Config:
+        env_file = ".env"
+        case_sensitive = True
+
+
+@lru_cache()
+def get_settings():
+    return Settings()

backend/requirements.txt

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+fastapi==0.104.1
+uvicorn[standard]==0.24.0
+sqlalchemy==2.0.23
+aiomysql==0.2.0
+pydantic==2.5.0
+pydantic-settings==2.1.0
+pyjwt==2.8.0
+bcrypt==4.1.1
+python-multipart==0.0.6