feat(uploads): 本地磁盘直传（COS 降级路线）+ 报告照片存在性校验

- POST /uploads/direct：原始字节 body + Content-Type 申报 + scene query（默认 report_photo），场景/类型/大小三重校验复用 storage 既有规则，落盘 var/uploads/<scene>/<user_id>/<uuid>.<ext>（config 新增 upload_dir），key 布局与 COS 同构；不加 python-multipart 依赖
- storage/local.py：save_direct_upload + require_local_upload（resolve 归并 + is_relative_to 归属收敛 + 存在性校验，越界/模拟/不存在一律 404）
- report/service.create_report：资格校验后、配额预扣前插入照片存在性校验（模拟 key 被拦且不消耗额度；regenerate 复用已验 photo_meta 不复核）
- 测试：test_upload_direct 14 单测 + test_upload_direct_flow 4 集成（真 key 全链路/假 key 404 零流水/401/40010）

偏差说明：test_report_flow._create_report 改走 /uploads/direct 拿真 key（存在性校验必然封死假 key），40920 与幂等重放两条断言语义未动。

tests/integration/test_report_flow.py

@@ -133,6 +133,20 @@ async def _login(client: Any) -> tuple[dict[str, str], int]:
     return {"Authorization": f"Bearer {data['access_token']}"}, int(data["user_id"])
 
 
+async def _upload_photo(client: Any, headers: dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    """直传一张假 JPEG 拿真实 object_key（建报告对 photo_object_key 做存在性校验）。
+
+    字节内容不需要是真图片：上传链路只校验类型/大小，不嗅探内容。
+    """
+    resp = await client.post(
+        "/api/v1/uploads/direct?scene=report_photo",
+        headers={**headers, "Content-Type": "image/jpeg"},
+        content=b"\xff\xd8\xff\xe0" + b"\x00" * 64,
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    return str(resp.json()["data"]["object_key"])
+
+
 async def _create_report(
     client: Any, headers: dict[str, str], *, request_key: str | None = None
 ) -> dict[str, Any]:
@@ -141,7 +155,7 @@ async def _create_report(
         headers=headers,
         json={
             "questionnaire": {"style": "通勤", "height_cm": 168},
-            "photo_object_key": "report_photo/u1.jpg",
+            "photo_object_key": await _upload_photo(client, headers),
             "request_key": request_key or f"rk-{uuid.uuid4().hex}",
         },
     )
@@ -223,7 +237,8 @@ async def test_create_reserves_lifetime_quota_and_creates_pending_task(
     report = await _fetch_report(report_id)
     assert report.status == "pending"
     rp_input = await _fetch_input(report_id)
-    assert rp_input.photo_meta == {"object_key": "report_photo/u1.jpg"}
+    # photo_object_key 已由直传接口真实落盘（布局 report_photo/{user_id}/{uuid}.jpg）
+    assert str(rp_input.photo_meta["object_key"]).startswith(f"report_photo/{user_id}/")
     assert rp_input.derived_features == {}
 
     rows = await _ledger_rows(user_id, "report_basic")

tests/integration/test_upload_direct_flow.py

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+"""本地直传 → 建报告全链路（无 COS 降级路线）。
+
+dev-token 登录 → POST /uploads/direct 上传原始字节 → 拿真实 object_key →
+POST /reports 建报告走通；模拟 key 被存在性校验以 404 挡住，且不消耗配额。
+不启真 celery：API 投递钩子替换为 no-op（与 test_report_flow 同口径）。
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+import uuid
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+
+
+def _infra_available() -> bool:
+    return bool(os.getenv("MEIDA_RUN_INTEGRATION"))
+
+
+pytestmark = [
+    pytest.mark.integration,
+    pytest.mark.skipif(
+        not _infra_available(),
+        reason="set MEIDA_RUN_INTEGRATION=1 with PostgreSQL and Redis running",
+    ),
+]
+
+JPEG_BYTES = b"\xff\xd8\xff\xe0" + b"\x00" * 64
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def no_enqueue(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """不向真 Redis 投递：本用例只验证「上传 → 建报告」入口，不跑 worker。"""
+    monkeypatch.setattr("apps.api.routers.reports._enqueue_report", lambda task_id: None)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+async def client(no_enqueue: None) -> AsyncIterator[Any]:
+    import httpx
+
+    from apps.api.main import create_app
+    from packages.shared.config import get_settings
+
+    app = create_app(get_settings())
+    transport = httpx.ASGITransport(app=app)
+    async with (
+        httpx.AsyncClient(transport=transport, base_url="http://test") as http,
+        app.router.lifespan_context(app),
+    ):
+        yield http
+
+
+async def _login(client: Any) -> tuple[dict[str, str], int]:
+    """dev-token：每个用例独立 device_key，拿到的就是全新用户。"""
+    resp = await client.post(
+        "/api/v1/auth/dev-token", json={"device_key": f"upload-it-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"}
+    )
+    assert resp.json()["code"] == 0
+    data = resp.json()["data"]
+    return {"Authorization": f"Bearer {data['access_token']}"}, int(data["user_id"])
+
+
+async def _upload(client: Any, headers: dict[str, str]) -> str:
+    resp = await client.post(
+        "/api/v1/uploads/direct?scene=report_photo",
+        headers={**headers, "Content-Type": "image/jpeg"},
+        content=JPEG_BYTES,
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    return str(resp.json()["data"]["object_key"])
+
+
+async def test_direct_upload_then_create_report_with_real_key(client: Any) -> None:
+    headers, user_id = await _login(client)
+
+    object_key = await _upload(client, headers)
+    assert object_key.startswith(f"report_photo/{user_id}/")
+    assert object_key.endswith(".jpg")
+
+    resp = await client.post(
+        "/api/v1/reports",
+        headers=headers,
+        json={
+            "questionnaire": {"style": "通勤"},
+            "photo_object_key": object_key,
+            "request_key": f"rk-{uuid.uuid4().hex}",
+        },
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 200
+    body = resp.json()["data"]
+    assert body["status"] == "pending"
+
+    # 落盘的输入行应记录真实 object_key。
+    from sqlalchemy import select
+
+    from packages.shared.db import session_scope
+    from packages.shared.models import RpInput
+
+    async with session_scope() as session:
+        result = await session.execute(
+            select(RpInput).where(RpInput.report_id == int(body["report_id"]))
+        )
+        rp_input = result.scalar_one()
+    assert rp_input.photo_meta == {"object_key": object_key}
+
+
+async def test_create_report_with_mock_key_is_rejected_404_without_reserving_quota(
+    client: Any,
+) -> None:
+    headers, user_id = await _login(client)
+
+    resp = await client.post(
+        "/api/v1/reports",
+        headers=headers,
+        json={
+            "questionnaire": {},
+            "photo_object_key": f"report_photo/{user_id}/mock123.jpg",  # 布局合法的模拟键
+            "request_key": f"rk-{uuid.uuid4().hex}",
+        },
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 404
+    assert resp.json()["code"] == 40400
+
+    # 拒绝发生在配额预扣之前：终身配额流水必须为空。
+    from sqlalchemy import func, select
+
+    from packages.shared.db import session_scope
+    from packages.shared.models import Ledger
+
+    async with session_scope() as session:
+        result = await session.execute(
+            select(func.count())
+            .select_from(Ledger)
+            .where(Ledger.user_id == user_id, Ledger.quota_key == "report_basic")
+        )
+        assert int(result.scalar_one()) == 0
+
+
+async def test_direct_upload_requires_auth(client: Any) -> None:
+    resp = await client.post(
+        "/api/v1/uploads/direct?scene=report_photo",
+        headers={"Content-Type": "image/jpeg"},
+        content=JPEG_BYTES,
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 401
+    assert resp.json()["code"] == 40100
+
+
+async def test_direct_upload_rejects_disallowed_type_and_scene(client: Any) -> None:
+    headers, _ = await _login(client)
+
+    bad_type = await client.post(
+        "/api/v1/uploads/direct?scene=report_photo",
+        headers={**headers, "Content-Type": "application/pdf"},
+        content=JPEG_BYTES,
+    )
+    assert bad_type.status_code == 400
+    assert bad_type.json()["code"] == 40010
+
+    bad_scene = await client.post(
+        "/api/v1/uploads/direct?scene=evil",
+        headers={**headers, "Content-Type": "image/jpeg"},
+        content=JPEG_BYTES,
+    )
+    assert bad_scene.status_code == 400
+    assert bad_scene.json()["code"] == 40010