#include "Application.h" bool enableValidationLayers = true; void Application::createInstance() { if (enableValidationLayers && !checkValidationLayerSupport()) { throw std::runtime_error("validation layers requested, but not available!"); } VkApplicationInfo appInfo{}; appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO; appInfo.pApplicationName = "Sample"; appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0); appInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine"; appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0); appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0; VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo{}; createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO; createInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo; #ifdef _WIN32 // 获取 GLFW 所需的扩展 uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0; const char** glfwExtensions; glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount); // 添加调试扩展 std::vector extensions(glfwExtensions, glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount); if (enableValidationLayers) { extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME); } createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast(extensions.size()); createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data(); #endif if (enableValidationLayers) { createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast(validationLayers.size()); createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data(); } else { createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0; } if (vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to create instance!"); } } void Application::initWindow() { #ifdef _WIN32 glfwInit(); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE); window = glfwCreateWindow(kWidth, kHeight, "Vulkan", nullptr, nullptr); #else #endif } void Application::run() { initWindow(); initVulkan(); mainLoop(); cleanup(); } void Application::createSurface() { #ifdef _WIN32 if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window surface!"); } #endif } static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback( VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity, VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* pCallbackData, void* pUserData) { std::cerr << "validation layer: " << pCallbackData->pMessage << std::endl; return VK_FALSE; } VkResult CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT* pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT* pDebugMessenger) { auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT"); if (func != nullptr) { return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pDebugMessenger); } else { return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT; } } void Application::setupDebugMessenger() { if (!enableValidationLayers) return; VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT createInfo{}; createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT; createInfo.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT; createInfo.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT; createInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugCallback; createInfo.pUserData = nullptr; // Optional if (CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, &createInfo, nullptr, &debugMessenger) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to set up debug messenger!"); } } void Application::initVulkan() { createInstance(); // 创建 Vulkan 实例 setupDebugMessenger(); // 在这里调用 createSurface(); // 创建窗口表面 pickPhysicalDevice(); // 选择物理设备 createLogicalDevice(); // 创建逻辑设备 createSwapChain(); // 创建交换链 createImageViews(); // 创建交换链图像视图 createRenderPass(); // 创建渲染流程 createPipelineLayout(); // 在这里调用 createGraphicsPipeline(); // 创建图形管线 createFramebuffers(); // 创建帧缓冲区 createCommandPool(); // 创建命令池 createCommandBuffer(); // 创建命令缓冲区 recordCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, 0); // 录制命令缓冲区(初始化时) createSyncObjects(); // 创建同步对象 } void Application::createImageViews() { swapChainImageViews.resize(swapChainImages.size()); for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) { VkImageViewCreateInfo createInfo{}; createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO; createInfo.image = swapChainImages[i]; createInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D; createInfo.format = swapChainImageFormat; createInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY; createInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY; createInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY; createInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY; createInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT; createInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0; createInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1; createInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0; createInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1; if (vkCreateImageView(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChainImageViews[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to create image views!"); } } } void Application::createFramebuffers() { swapChainFramebuffers.resize(swapChainImageViews.size()); for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImageViews.size(); i++) { VkImageView attachments[] = { swapChainImageViews[i] }; VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo{}; framebufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO; framebufferInfo.renderPass = renderPass; framebufferInfo.attachmentCount = 1; framebufferInfo.pAttachments = attachments; framebufferInfo.width = swapChainExtent.width; framebufferInfo.height = swapChainExtent.height; framebufferInfo.layers = 1; if (vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &framebufferInfo, nullptr, &swapChainFramebuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to create framebuffer!"); } } } void Application::createCommandPool() { QueueFamilyIndices queueFamilyIndices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice); VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolInfo{}; poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO; poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndices.graphicsFamily.value(); poolInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT; // 添加标志 if (vkCreateCommandPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &commandPool) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to create command pool!"); } } void Application::createCommandBuffer() { VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{}; allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO; allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool; allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY; allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1; if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, &commandBuffer) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate command buffers!"); } } void Application::mainLoop() { #ifdef _WIN32 while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { glfwPollEvents(); drawFrame(); // 在这里调用 } #else #endif vkDeviceWaitIdle(device); // 等待设备空闲 } void Application::pickPhysicalDevice() { uint32_t deviceCount = 0; vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr); if (deviceCount == 0) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!"); } std::vector devices(deviceCount); vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data()); for (const auto& device : devices) { if (isDeviceSuitable(device)) { physicalDevice = device; break; } } if (physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!"); } } QueueFamilyIndices Application::findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device) { QueueFamilyIndices indices; uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0; vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr); std::vector queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount); vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data()); int i = 0; for (const auto& queueFamily : queueFamilies) { if (queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) { indices.graphicsFamily = i; } VkBool32 presentSupport = false; vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, surface, &presentSupport); if (presentSupport) { indices.presentFamily = i; } if (indices.isComplete()) { break; } i++; } return indices; } bool Application::checkDeviceExtensionSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) { // 获取设备支持的扩展数量 uint32_t extensionCount; vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr); // 获取设备支持的扩展列表 std::vector availableExtensions(extensionCount); vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, availableExtensions.data()); // 定义需要的扩展 const std::vector requiredExtensions = { VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME }; // 检查所有需要的扩展是否都支持 for (const char* requiredExtension : requiredExtensions) { bool extensionFound = false; for (const auto& extension : availableExtensions) { if (strcmp(requiredExtension, extension.extensionName) == 0) { extensionFound = true; break; } } if (!extensionFound) { return false; // 如果有一个扩展不支持,返回 false } } return true; // 所有扩展都支持 } bool Application::checkSwapChainSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) { uint32_t formatCount; vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, nullptr); uint32_t presentModeCount; vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr); return formatCount > 0 && presentModeCount > 0; } bool Application::isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) { QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device); bool extensionsSupported = checkDeviceExtensionSupport(device); bool swapChainAdequate = false; if (extensionsSupported) { swapChainAdequate = checkSwapChainSupport(device); } return indices.isComplete() && extensionsSupported && swapChainAdequate; } void Application::createLogicalDevice() { QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice); std::vector queueCreateInfos; std::set uniqueQueueFamilies = { indices.graphicsFamily.value(), indices.presentFamily.value() }; float queuePriority = 1.0f; for (uint32_t queueFamily : uniqueQueueFamilies) { VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo{}; queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO; queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamily; queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1; queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority; queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo); } VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures{}; VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo{}; createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO; createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = static_cast(queueCreateInfos.size()); createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data(); createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures; // 启用交换链扩展 const std::vector deviceExtensions = { VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME }; createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast(deviceExtensions.size()); createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data(); if (vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!"); } vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.graphicsFamily.value(), 0, &graphicsQueue); vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.presentFamily.value(), 0, &presentQueue); } void Application::createSwapChain() { // 选择交换链格式、颜色空间和分辨率 VkSurfaceFormatKHR surfaceFormat = { VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR }; VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR; VkExtent2D extent = { kWidth, kHeight }; // 创建交换链 VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo{}; createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR; createInfo.surface = surface; createInfo.minImageCount = 2; // 双缓冲 createInfo.imageFormat = surfaceFormat.format; createInfo.imageColorSpace = surfaceFormat.colorSpace; createInfo.imageExtent = extent; createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1; createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT; QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice); uint32_t queueFamilyIndices[] = { indices.graphicsFamily.value(), indices.presentFamily.value() }; if (indices.graphicsFamily != indices.presentFamily) { createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT; createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2; createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = queueFamilyIndices; } else { createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE; createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0; // Optional createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr; // Optional } createInfo.preTransform = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR; createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR; createInfo.presentMode = presentMode; createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE; createInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE; if (vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChain) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to create swap chain!"); } // 获取交换链图像 uint32_t imageCount; vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, nullptr); swapChainImages.resize(imageCount); vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, swapChainImages.data()); swapChainImageFormat = surfaceFormat.format; swapChainExtent = extent; } void Application::createPipelineLayout() { VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{}; pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO; pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 0; // 可选:描述符集布局 pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = nullptr; // 可选:描述符集布局 pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = 0; // 可选:推送常量范围 pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = nullptr; // 可选:推送常量范围 if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to create pipeline layout!"); } } void Application::createGraphicsPipeline() { // 顶点着色器和片段着色器 auto vertShaderCode = readFile("shaders/simple_shader.vert.spv"); auto fragShaderCode = readFile("shaders/simple_shader.frag.spv"); // 创建着色器模块 VkShaderModule vertShaderModule = createShaderModule(vertShaderCode); VkShaderModule fragShaderModule = createShaderModule(fragShaderCode); // 定义着色器阶段 VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertShaderStageInfo{}; vertShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO; vertShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT; vertShaderStageInfo.module = vertShaderModule; vertShaderStageInfo.pName = "main"; VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragShaderStageInfo{}; fragShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO; fragShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT; fragShaderStageInfo.module = fragShaderModule; fragShaderStageInfo.pName = "main"; VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = { vertShaderStageInfo, fragShaderStageInfo }; // 顶点输入状态 VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputInfo{}; vertexInputInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO; vertexInputInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 0; vertexInputInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = nullptr; vertexInputInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 0; vertexInputInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = nullptr; // 输入组装状态 VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly{}; inputAssembly.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO; inputAssembly.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST; inputAssembly.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE; // 视口状态 VkViewport viewport{}; viewport.x = 0.0f; viewport.y = 0.0f; viewport.width = (float)swapChainExtent.width; viewport.height = (float)swapChainExtent.height; viewport.minDepth = 0.0f; viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f; VkRect2D scissor{}; scissor.offset = { 0, 0 }; scissor.extent = swapChainExtent; VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState{}; viewportState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO; viewportState.viewportCount = 1; viewportState.pViewports = &viewport; viewportState.scissorCount = 1; viewportState.pScissors = &scissor; // 光栅化状态 VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer{}; rasterizer.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO; rasterizer.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE; rasterizer.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE; rasterizer.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL; rasterizer.lineWidth = 1.0f; rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT; rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE; rasterizer.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE; // 多重采样状态 VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling{}; multisampling.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO; multisampling.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE; multisampling.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT; // 颜色混合状态 VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment{}; colorBlendAttachment.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT; colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_FALSE; VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlending{}; colorBlending.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO; colorBlending.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE; colorBlending.attachmentCount = 1; colorBlending.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttachment; // 创建图形管线 VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo{}; pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO; pipelineInfo.stageCount = 2; pipelineInfo.pStages = shaderStages; pipelineInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputInfo; pipelineInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssembly; pipelineInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState; pipelineInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizer; pipelineInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampling; pipelineInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlending; pipelineInfo.layout = pipelineLayout; pipelineInfo.renderPass = renderPass; pipelineInfo.subpass = 0; if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &graphicsPipeline) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to create graphics pipeline!"); } // 销毁着色器模块 vkDestroyShaderModule(device, fragShaderModule, nullptr); vkDestroyShaderModule(device, vertShaderModule, nullptr); } void Application::createRenderPass() { VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment{}; colorAttachment.format = swapChainImageFormat; colorAttachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT; colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR; colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE; colorAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE; colorAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE; colorAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED; colorAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR; VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef{}; colorAttachmentRef.attachment = 0; colorAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL; VkSubpassDescription subpass{}; subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS; subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1; subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorAttachmentRef; VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo{}; renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO; renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = 1; renderPassInfo.pAttachments = &colorAttachment; renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1; renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass; if (vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to create render pass!"); } } bool Application::checkValidationLayerSupport() { uint32_t layerCount; vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr); std::vector availableLayers(layerCount); vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, availableLayers.data()); for (const char* layerName : validationLayers) { bool layerFound = false; for (const auto& layerProperties : availableLayers) { if (strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0) { layerFound = true; break; } } if (!layerFound) { return false; } } return true; } void Application::recordCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, uint32_t imageIndex) { VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{}; beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO; if (vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to begin recording command buffer!"); } // 开始渲染流程 VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassInfo{}; renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO; renderPassInfo.renderPass = renderPass; renderPassInfo.framebuffer = swapChainFramebuffers[imageIndex]; renderPassInfo.renderArea.offset = { 0, 0 }; renderPassInfo.renderArea.extent = swapChainExtent; VkClearValue clearColor = { {{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}} }; renderPassInfo.clearValueCount = 1; renderPassInfo.pClearValues = &clearColor; vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commandBuffer, &renderPassInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE); // 绑定图形管线 vkCmdBindPipeline(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, graphicsPipeline); // 绘制三角形 vkCmdDraw(commandBuffer, 3, 1, 0, 0); // 结束渲染流程 vkCmdEndRenderPass(commandBuffer); if (vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to record command buffer!"); } } void Application::createSyncObjects() { VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo{}; semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO; VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo{}; fenceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO; fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT; // 初始状态为已触发 if (vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &imageAvailableSemaphore) != VK_SUCCESS || vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &renderFinishedSemaphore) != VK_SUCCESS || vkCreateFence(device, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &inFlightFence) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to create synchronization objects!"); } } void Application::drawFrame() { vkWaitForFences(device, 1, &inFlightFence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX); vkResetFences(device, 1, &inFlightFence); uint32_t imageIndex; vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapChain, UINT64_MAX, imageAvailableSemaphore, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imageIndex); vkResetCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, 0); recordCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, imageIndex); // 重新录制命令缓冲区 VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{}; submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO; VkSemaphore waitSemaphores[] = { imageAvailableSemaphore }; VkPipelineStageFlags waitStages[] = { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT }; submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1; submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = waitSemaphores; submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = waitStages; submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1; submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer; VkSemaphore signalSemaphores[] = { renderFinishedSemaphore }; submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1; submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = signalSemaphores; if (vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, inFlightFence) != VK_SUCCESS) { throw std::runtime_error("failed to submit draw command buffer!"); } VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo{}; presentInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR; presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1; presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = signalSemaphores; VkSwapchainKHR swapChains[] = { swapChain }; presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1; presentInfo.pSwapchains = swapChains; presentInfo.pImageIndices = &imageIndex; vkQueuePresentKHR(presentQueue, &presentInfo); } void DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator) { auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT"); if (func != nullptr) { func(instance, debugMessenger, pAllocator); } } void Application::cleanup() { if (enableValidationLayers) { DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, debugMessenger, nullptr); } // 销毁命令缓冲区 vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, 1, &commandBuffer); // 销毁同步对象 vkDestroySemaphore(device, imageAvailableSemaphore, nullptr); vkDestroySemaphore(device, renderFinishedSemaphore, nullptr); vkDestroyFence(device, inFlightFence, nullptr); // 销毁帧缓冲区 for (auto framebuffer : swapChainFramebuffers) { vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, framebuffer, nullptr); } // 销毁图形管线 vkDestroyPipeline(device, graphicsPipeline, nullptr); // 销毁管线布局 vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr); // 销毁渲染流程 vkDestroyRenderPass(device, renderPass, nullptr); // 销毁图像视图 for (auto imageView : swapChainImageViews) { vkDestroyImageView(device, imageView, nullptr); } // 销毁交换链 vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapChain, nullptr); // 销毁命令池 vkDestroyCommandPool(device, commandPool, nullptr); // 销毁逻辑设备 vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr); // 销毁窗口表面 vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, nullptr); // 销毁 Vulkan 实例 vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr); #ifdef _WIN32 // 销毁 GLFW 窗口 glfwDestroyWindow(window); // 终止 GLFW glfwTerminate(); #endif }