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+/* Copyright (c) 2019-2025, Arm Limited and Contributors
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 the "License";
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "rendering/render_pipeline.h"
+#include "scene_graph/components/perspective_camera.h"
+#include "vulkan_sample.h"
+
+/**
+ * @brief The Subpasses sample shows how a significant amount of bandwidth
+ *        (L2 cache ext reads and writes) can be saved, by using sub-passes instead
+ *        of multiple render passes. In order to highlight the difference, it
+ *        implements deferred rendering with and without sub-passes, giving the
+ *        user the possibility to change some key settings.
+ */
+class Subpasses : public vkb::VulkanSampleC
+{
+  public:
+	Subpasses();
+
+	bool prepare(const vkb::ApplicationOptions &options) override;
+
+	void update(float delta_time) override;
+
+	virtual ~Subpasses() = default;
+
+	void draw_gui() override;
+
+  private:
+	virtual void prepare_render_context() override;
+
+	/**
+	 * @brief Draws to a render target using the right pipeline based on the sample selection
+	 *        Not to be confused with `draw_renderpasses` which uses the bad practice
+	 */
+	virtual void draw_renderpass(vkb::core::CommandBufferC &command_buffer, vkb::RenderTarget &render_target) override;
+
+	/**
+	 * @return A good pipeline
+	 */
+	std::unique_ptr<vkb::RenderPipeline> create_one_renderpass_two_subpasses();
+
+	/**
+	 * @return A geometry render pass which should run first
+	 */
+	std::unique_ptr<vkb::RenderPipeline> create_geometry_renderpass();
+
+	/**
+	 * @return A lighting render pass which should run second
+	 */
+	std::unique_ptr<vkb::RenderPipeline> create_lighting_renderpass();
+
+	/**
+	 * @brief Draws using the good pipeline: one render pass with two subpasses
+	 */
+	void draw_subpasses(vkb::core::CommandBufferC &command_buffer, vkb::RenderTarget &render_target);
+
+	/**
+	 * @brief Draws using the bad practice: two separate render passes
+	 */
+	void draw_renderpasses(vkb::core::CommandBufferC &command_buffer, vkb::RenderTarget &render_target);
+
+	std::unique_ptr<vkb::RenderTarget> create_render_target(vkb::core::Image &&swapchain_image);
+
+	/// Good pipeline with two subpasses within one render pass
+	std::unique_ptr<vkb::RenderPipeline> render_pipeline{};
+
+	/// 1. Bad pipeline with a geometry subpass in the first render pass
+	std::unique_ptr<vkb::RenderPipeline> geometry_render_pipeline{};
+
+	/// 2. Bad pipeline with a lighting subpass in the second render pass
+	std::unique_ptr<vkb::RenderPipeline> lighting_render_pipeline{};
+
+	vkb::sg::PerspectiveCamera *camera{};
+
+	/**
+	 * @brief Struct that contains configurations for this sample
+	 *        with description, options, and current selected value
+	 */
+	struct Config
+	{
+		/**
+		 * @brief Configurations type
+		 */
+		enum Type
+		{
+			RenderTechnique,
+			TransientAttachments,
+			GBufferSize
+		} type;
+
+		/// Used as label by the GUI
+		const char *description;
+
+		/// List of options to choose from
+		std::vector<const char *> options;
+
+		/// Index of the current selected option
+		int value;
+	};
+
+	uint16_t last_render_technique{0};
+	uint16_t last_transient_attachment{0};
+	uint16_t last_g_buffer_size{0};
+
+	VkFormat          albedo_format{VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM};
+	VkFormat          normal_format{VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32};
+	VkImageUsageFlags rt_usage_flags{VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT};
+
+	std::vector<Config> configs = {
+	    {/* config      = */ Config::RenderTechnique,
+	     /* description = */ "Render technique",
+	     /* options     = */ {"Subpasses", "Renderpasses"},
+	     /* value       = */ 0},
+	    {/* config      = */ Config::TransientAttachments,
+	     /* description = */ "Transient attachments",
+	     /* options     = */ {"Enabled", "Disabled"},
+	     /* value       = */ 0},
+	    {/* config      = */ Config::GBufferSize,
+	     /* description = */ "G-Buffer size",
+	     /* options     = */ {"128-bit", "More"},
+	     /* value       = */ 0}};
+};
+
+std::unique_ptr<vkb::VulkanSampleC> create_subpasses();