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/*
* Copyright (c) 2021-2025, Holochip Corporation
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 the "License";
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#include "dynamic_rendering.h"
DynamicRendering::DynamicRendering() :
enable_dynamic(true)
{
title = "Dynamic Rendering";
// Dynamic Rendering is a Vulkan 1.2 extension
set_api_version(VK_API_VERSION_1_2);
add_instance_extension(VK_KHR_GET_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2_EXTENSION_NAME);
add_device_extension(VK_KHR_DYNAMIC_RENDERING_EXTENSION_NAME);
}
DynamicRendering::~DynamicRendering()
{
if (has_device())
{
vkDestroySampler(get_device().get_handle(), textures.envmap.sampler, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
textures = {};
skybox.reset();
object.reset();
ubo.reset();
vkDestroyPipeline(get_device().get_handle(), model_pipeline, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
vkDestroyPipeline(get_device().get_handle(), skybox_pipeline, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
vkDestroyPipelineLayout(get_device().get_handle(), pipeline_layout, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(get_device().get_handle(), descriptor_set_layout, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
vkDestroyDescriptorPool(get_device().get_handle(), descriptor_pool, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
}
}
bool DynamicRendering::prepare(const vkb::ApplicationOptions &options)
{
if (!ApiVulkanSample::prepare(options))
{
return false;
}
#if VK_NO_PROTOTYPES
if (enable_dynamic)
{
VkInstance instance = get_device().get_gpu().get_instance().get_handle();
assert(!!instance);
vkCmdBeginRenderingKHR = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkCmdBeginRenderingKHR>(vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCmdBeginRenderingKHR"));
vkCmdEndRenderingKHR = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkCmdEndRenderingKHR>(vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCmdEndRenderingKHR"));
if (!vkCmdBeginRenderingKHR || !vkCmdEndRenderingKHR)
{
throw std::runtime_error("Unable to dynamically load vkCmdBeginRenderingKHR and vkCmdEndRenderingKHR");
}
}
#endif
camera.type = vkb::CameraType::LookAt;
camera.set_position({0.f, 0.f, -4.f});
camera.set_rotation({0.f, 180.f, 0.f});
camera.set_perspective(60.f, static_cast<float>(width) / static_cast<float>(height), 256.f, 0.1f);
load_assets();
prepare_uniform_buffers();
create_descriptor_pool();
setup_descriptor_set_layout();
create_descriptor_sets();
if (!enable_dynamic)
{
create_render_pass_non_dynamic();
}
create_pipeline();
build_command_buffers();
prepared = true;
return true;
}
void DynamicRendering::request_gpu_features(vkb::PhysicalDevice &gpu)
{
if (enable_dynamic)
{
REQUEST_REQUIRED_FEATURE(gpu,
VkPhysicalDeviceDynamicRenderingFeaturesKHR,
VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_DYNAMIC_RENDERING_FEATURES_KHR,
dynamicRendering);
}
if (gpu.get_features().samplerAnisotropy)
{
gpu.get_mutable_requested_features().samplerAnisotropy = true;
}
}
void DynamicRendering::load_assets()
{
// Models
skybox = load_model("scenes/cube.gltf");
object = load_model("scenes/geosphere.gltf");
// Load HDR cube map
textures.envmap = load_texture_cubemap("textures/uffizi_rgba16f_cube.ktx", vkb::sg::Image::Color);
}
void DynamicRendering::prepare_uniform_buffers()
{
ubo = std::make_unique<vkb::core::BufferC>(get_device(), sizeof(ubo_vs), VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT, VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU);
update_uniform_buffers();
}
void DynamicRendering::update_uniform_buffers()
{
ubo_vs.projection = camera.matrices.perspective;
ubo_vs.modelview = camera.matrices.view * glm::mat4(1.f);
ubo_vs.inverse_modelview = glm::inverse(camera.matrices.view);
ubo_vs.skybox_modelview = camera.matrices.view;
ubo->convert_and_update(ubo_vs);
}
void DynamicRendering::setup_descriptor_set_layout()
{
std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding> set_layout_bindings = {
vkb::initializers::descriptor_set_layout_binding(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT | VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, 0),
vkb::initializers::descriptor_set_layout_binding(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT, 1),
};
VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptor_layout_create_info =
vkb::initializers::descriptor_set_layout_create_info(set_layout_bindings.data(), static_cast<uint32_t>(set_layout_bindings.size()));
VK_CHECK(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(get_device().get_handle(), &descriptor_layout_create_info, nullptr, &descriptor_set_layout));
VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipeline_layout_create_info =
vkb::initializers::pipeline_layout_create_info(
&descriptor_set_layout,
1);
VK_CHECK(vkCreatePipelineLayout(get_device().get_handle(), &pipeline_layout_create_info, nullptr, &pipeline_layout));
}
void DynamicRendering::create_descriptor_sets()
{
VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo alloc_info =
vkb::initializers::descriptor_set_allocate_info(
descriptor_pool,
&descriptor_set_layout,
1);
VK_CHECK(vkAllocateDescriptorSets(get_device().get_handle(), &alloc_info, &descriptor_set));
VkDescriptorBufferInfo matrix_buffer_descriptor = create_descriptor(*ubo);
VkDescriptorImageInfo environment_image_descriptor = create_descriptor(textures.envmap);
std::vector<VkWriteDescriptorSet> write_descriptor_sets = {
vkb::initializers::write_descriptor_set(descriptor_set, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0, &matrix_buffer_descriptor),
vkb::initializers::write_descriptor_set(descriptor_set, VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 1, &environment_image_descriptor),
};
vkUpdateDescriptorSets(get_device().get_handle(), static_cast<uint32_t>(write_descriptor_sets.size()), write_descriptor_sets.data(), 0, nullptr);
}
void DynamicRendering::create_descriptor_pool()
{
std::vector<VkDescriptorPoolSize> pool_sizes = {
vkb::initializers::descriptor_pool_size(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER, 2),
vkb::initializers::descriptor_pool_size(VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER, 2)};
uint32_t num_descriptor_sets = 4;
VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptor_pool_create_info =
vkb::initializers::descriptor_pool_create_info(static_cast<uint32_t>(pool_sizes.size()), pool_sizes.data(), num_descriptor_sets);
VK_CHECK(vkCreateDescriptorPool(get_device().get_handle(), &descriptor_pool_create_info, nullptr, &descriptor_pool));
}
void DynamicRendering::create_pipeline()
{
VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo input_assembly_state =
vkb::initializers::pipeline_input_assembly_state_create_info(
VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
0,
VK_FALSE);
VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterization_state =
vkb::initializers::pipeline_rasterization_state_create_info(
VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT,
VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE,
0);
VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState blend_attachment_state =
vkb::initializers::pipeline_color_blend_attachment_state(
0xf,
VK_FALSE);
const auto color_attachment_state = vkb::initializers::pipeline_color_blend_attachment_state(0xf, VK_FALSE);
VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo color_blend_state =
vkb::initializers::pipeline_color_blend_state_create_info(
1,
&blend_attachment_state);
color_blend_state.attachmentCount = 1;
color_blend_state.pAttachments = &color_attachment_state;
// Note: Using reversed depth-buffer for increased precision, so Greater depth values are kept
VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depth_stencil_state =
vkb::initializers::pipeline_depth_stencil_state_create_info(
VK_FALSE,
VK_FALSE,
VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER);
VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewport_state =
vkb::initializers::pipeline_viewport_state_create_info(1, 1, 0);
VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisample_state =
vkb::initializers::pipeline_multisample_state_create_info(
VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
0);
std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamic_state_enables = {
VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR};
VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamic_state =
vkb::initializers::pipeline_dynamic_state_create_info(
dynamic_state_enables.data(),
static_cast<uint32_t>(dynamic_state_enables.size()),
0);
// Vertex bindings an attributes for model rendering
// Binding description
std::vector<VkVertexInputBindingDescription> vertex_input_bindings = {
vkb::initializers::vertex_input_binding_description(0, sizeof(Vertex), VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX),
};
// Attribute descriptions
std::vector<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription> vertex_input_attributes = {
vkb::initializers::vertex_input_attribute_description(0, 0, VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT, 0), // Position
vkb::initializers::vertex_input_attribute_description(0, 1, VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT, sizeof(float) * 3), // Normal
};
VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertex_input_state = vkb::initializers::pipeline_vertex_input_state_create_info();
vertex_input_state.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(vertex_input_bindings.size());
vertex_input_state.pVertexBindingDescriptions = vertex_input_bindings.data();
vertex_input_state.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(vertex_input_attributes.size());
vertex_input_state.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = vertex_input_attributes.data();
std::array<VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> shader_stages{};
shader_stages[0] = load_shader("dynamic_rendering", "gbuffer.vert.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT);
shader_stages[1] = load_shader("dynamic_rendering", "gbuffer.frag.spv", VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT);
// Create graphics pipeline for dynamic rendering
VkFormat color_rendering_format = get_render_context().get_format();
// Provide information for dynamic rendering
VkPipelineRenderingCreateInfoKHR pipeline_create{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RENDERING_CREATE_INFO_KHR};
pipeline_create.pNext = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
pipeline_create.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
pipeline_create.pColorAttachmentFormats = &color_rendering_format;
pipeline_create.depthAttachmentFormat = depth_format;
if (!vkb::is_depth_only_format(depth_format))
{
pipeline_create.stencilAttachmentFormat = depth_format;
}
// Use the pNext to point to the rendering create struct
VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo graphics_create{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO};
graphics_create.pNext = &pipeline_create;
graphics_create.renderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
graphics_create.pInputAssemblyState = &input_assembly_state;
graphics_create.pRasterizationState = &rasterization_state;
graphics_create.pColorBlendState = &color_blend_state;
graphics_create.pMultisampleState = &multisample_state;
graphics_create.pViewportState = &viewport_state;
graphics_create.pDepthStencilState = &depth_stencil_state;
graphics_create.pDynamicState = &dynamic_state;
graphics_create.pVertexInputState = &vertex_input_state;
graphics_create.stageCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(shader_stages.size());
graphics_create.pStages = shader_stages.data();
graphics_create.layout = pipeline_layout;
// Skybox pipeline (background cube)
VkSpecializationInfo specialization_info;
std::array<VkSpecializationMapEntry, 1> specialization_map_entries{};
specialization_map_entries[0] = vkb::initializers::specialization_map_entry(0, 0, sizeof(uint32_t));
uint32_t shadertype = 0;
specialization_info = vkb::initializers::specialization_info(1, specialization_map_entries.data(), sizeof(shadertype), &shadertype);
shader_stages[0].pSpecializationInfo = &specialization_info;
shader_stages[1].pSpecializationInfo = &specialization_info;
if (!enable_dynamic)
{
graphics_create.pNext = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
graphics_create.renderPass = render_pass;
}
vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(get_device().get_handle(), VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &graphics_create, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &skybox_pipeline);
// Object rendering pipeline
shadertype = 1;
// Enable depth test and write
depth_stencil_state.depthWriteEnable = VK_TRUE;
depth_stencil_state.depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE;
// Flip cull mode
rasterization_state.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_FRONT_BIT;
vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(get_device().get_handle(), VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &graphics_create, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &model_pipeline);
}
void DynamicRendering::create_render_pass_non_dynamic()
{
}
void DynamicRendering::draw()
{
ApiVulkanSample::prepare_frame();
submit_info.commandBufferCount = 1;
submit_info.pCommandBuffers = &draw_cmd_buffers[current_buffer];
VK_CHECK(vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &submit_info, VK_NULL_HANDLE));
ApiVulkanSample::submit_frame();
}
void DynamicRendering::build_command_buffers()
{
std::array<VkClearValue, 2> clear_values{};
clear_values[0].color = {{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}};
clear_values[1].depthStencil = {0.0f, 0};
int i = -1;
for (auto &draw_cmd_buffer : draw_cmd_buffers)
{
i++;
auto command_begin = vkb::initializers::command_buffer_begin_info();
VK_CHECK(vkBeginCommandBuffer(draw_cmd_buffer, &command_begin));
auto draw_scene = [&] {
VkViewport viewport = vkb::initializers::viewport(static_cast<float>(width), static_cast<float>(height), 0.0f, 1.0f);
vkCmdSetViewport(draw_cmd_buffer, 0, 1, &viewport);
VkRect2D scissor = vkb::initializers::rect2D(static_cast<int>(width), static_cast<int>(height), 0, 0);
vkCmdSetScissor(draw_cmd_buffer, 0, 1, &scissor);
// One descriptor set is used, and the draw type is toggled by a specialization constant
vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(draw_cmd_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline_layout, 0, 1, &descriptor_set, 0, nullptr);
// skybox
vkCmdBindPipeline(draw_cmd_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, skybox_pipeline);
draw_model(skybox, draw_cmd_buffer);
// object
vkCmdBindPipeline(draw_cmd_buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, model_pipeline);
draw_model(object, draw_cmd_buffer);
// Note: This sample does not render a UI, as the framework's UI overlay doesn't handle dynamic rendering
};
VkImageSubresourceRange range{};
range.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
range.baseMipLevel = 0;
range.levelCount = VK_REMAINING_MIP_LEVELS;
range.baseArrayLayer = 0;
range.layerCount = VK_REMAINING_ARRAY_LAYERS;
VkImageSubresourceRange depth_range{range};
depth_range.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
if (enable_dynamic)
{
vkb::image_layout_transition(draw_cmd_buffer,
swapchain_buffers[i].image,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
0,
VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
range);
vkb::image_layout_transition(draw_cmd_buffer,
depth_stencil.image,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
depth_range);
VkRenderingAttachmentInfoKHR color_attachment_info = vkb::initializers::rendering_attachment_info();
color_attachment_info.imageView = swapchain_buffers[i].view; // color_attachment.image_view;
color_attachment_info.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
color_attachment_info.resolveMode = VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE;
color_attachment_info.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
color_attachment_info.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
color_attachment_info.clearValue = clear_values[0];
VkRenderingAttachmentInfoKHR depth_attachment_info = vkb::initializers::rendering_attachment_info();
depth_attachment_info.imageView = depth_stencil.view;
depth_attachment_info.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
depth_attachment_info.resolveMode = VK_RESOLVE_MODE_NONE;
depth_attachment_info.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
depth_attachment_info.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
depth_attachment_info.clearValue = clear_values[1];
auto render_area = VkRect2D{VkOffset2D{}, VkExtent2D{width, height}};
auto render_info = vkb::initializers::rendering_info(render_area, 1, &color_attachment_info);
render_info.layerCount = 1;
render_info.pDepthAttachment = &depth_attachment_info;
if (!vkb::is_depth_only_format(depth_format))
{
render_info.pStencilAttachment = &depth_attachment_info;
}
vkCmdBeginRenderingKHR(draw_cmd_buffer, &render_info);
draw_scene();
vkCmdEndRenderingKHR(draw_cmd_buffer);
vkb::image_layout_transition(draw_cmd_buffer,
swapchain_buffers[i].image,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
range);
}
else
{
VkRenderPassBeginInfo render_pass_begin_info = vkb::initializers::render_pass_begin_info();
render_pass_begin_info.renderPass = render_pass;
render_pass_begin_info.framebuffer = framebuffers[i];
render_pass_begin_info.renderArea.extent.width = width;
render_pass_begin_info.renderArea.extent.height = height;
render_pass_begin_info.clearValueCount = 3;
render_pass_begin_info.pClearValues = clear_values.data();
vkCmdBeginRenderPass(draw_cmd_buffer, &render_pass_begin_info, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
draw_scene();
vkCmdEndRenderPass(draw_cmd_buffer);
}
VK_CHECK(vkEndCommandBuffer(draw_cmd_buffer));
}
}
void DynamicRendering::render(float delta_time)
{
if (!prepared)
{
return;
}
draw();
if (camera.updated)
{
update_uniform_buffers();
}
}
void DynamicRendering::view_changed()
{
}
void DynamicRendering::on_update_ui_overlay(vkb::Drawer &drawer)
{
}
std::unique_ptr<vkb::VulkanSampleC> create_dynamic_rendering()
{
return std::make_unique<DynamicRendering>();
}